If you've ever watched a Japanese drama or anime, you might have noticed that graduation season in Japan falls in March, unlike the U.S., where it happens in May or June. But why is that? And what makes Japanese graduation ceremonies so different from their American counterparts? Let’s dive into the unique traditions, emotional moments, and cultural differences that make Japanese graduation (卒業式, Sotsugyoushiki) a truly special event.
Why Is Japanese Graduation in March?
Unlike the U.S., where the school year typically runs from August to May/June, Japan’s academic calendar follows a April to March schedule. This tradition dates back to the Meiji era (1868–1912) when Japan modeled its education system after Europe. April marks the start of the fiscal and academic year, aligning with cherry blossom season, a symbol of new beginnings and fleeting moments—a perfect theme for both endings and fresh starts.
Because the school year ends in March, graduation naturally happens then, allowing students to transition smoothly to their next stage—whether it’s high school, university, or the workforce—just in time for the start of the new year in April.
Japanese Graduation vs. American Graduation: The Key Differences
While both Japan and the U.S. celebrate graduation as a major milestone, the ceremonies, traditions, and atmosphere are very different. Here’s how:
1. A Formal and Solemn Ceremony vs. A Joyful Celebration
In Japan, graduation is a serious and emotional event. The ceremony is highly structured, formal, and quiet, with students dressed in school uniforms or traditional hakama (for girls in some cases). The school principal gives a speech, followed by the formal presentation of diplomas—each student’s name is called, and they receive their diploma in an orderly manner.
In contrast, American graduations are loud, festive, and celebratory. Graduates wear caps and gowns, walk across a stage to receive their diploma, and toss their caps in the air at the end. Family members cheer, and often there’s a big graduation party afterward.
2. Emphasis on Group Over Individual
Japanese schools focus on collectivism, so graduation ceremonies highlight the entire class rather than individual achievements. There are no personal speeches or awards like “Valedictorian” or “Most Likely to Succeed.” Instead, the focus is on unity, gratitude, and saying goodbye together.
In the U.S., students often make personalized speeches, and there is an emphasis on individual accomplishments. Awards, honors, and special recognitions are common.
3. Emotional Farewells and The “Final Homeroom”
One of the most touching moments in Japanese graduations is the final homeroom session. After the official ceremony, students return to their classrooms for one last heartfelt farewell with their homeroom teacher and classmates. Many teachers give parting words, and students write letters or exchange memories.
In the U.S., students typically exit the ceremony, take photos with friends and family, and celebrate right away.
4. The Iconic “Second Button” Tradition
One of the sweetest traditions in Japanese high school graduations is the “second button” (第二ボタン, daini botan) culture. The second button of a male student’s school uniform, located closest to his heart, is often given to someone special—a crush or a close friend—as a symbol of deep feelings. Girls cherish this gesture as it’s seen as a romantic confession.
In the U.S., no such tradition exists, though yearbook signings and prom are ways students express their feelings before parting ways.
Graduation in Japan: A Bittersweet Goodbye
Japanese graduations are not just about moving on to the next step—they are deeply sentimental, symbolic, and filled with unspoken emotions. It’s a day of tears, hugs, and gratitude towards teachers, classmates, and the school itself. The structured, formal atmosphere reflects Japanese cultural values: respect, unity, and appreciation for the past before stepping into the future.
On the other hand, American graduations are celebratory, lively, and focused on the individual’s achievement, reflecting a culture that values personal success and self-expression.
While both systems mark an important transition in life, they do so in ways that reflect their respective cultures. So, whether you’re moved by the serene, tearful farewells of Japanese graduations or enjoy the energetic, joyous vibe of American ones, both are meaningful moments that shape a student’s journey into adulthood.
